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Radon is a naturally occurring colourless, odourless, tasteless and invisible gas, released as a by-product of the radioactive decay of radium, a highly radioactive metal found in most soils and rocks. Some of the gas seeps from the ground and diffuses into the air while some enters the ground water. Because it is heavier than air, it tends to linger close to the surface, and high levels can occur in mine shafts, caves, tunnels and buildings.

 

No radon level is safe. The health risk is greatest, however, when the radon is abundant in the air. Its concentration depends largely on regional geological conditions. The level does vary between countries, though. The US, for example, established an Action Level of 148Bqm3.  When scientists tested work places, public buildings and private homes and applied this level, they concluded that most test sites were well below this established low-risk level. Occupations, such as mine workers and cave tour guides in areas with high radium content in the soil, however, are exposed to levels sometimes well above 1000Bqm3. Private homes are also like 'caves' in that respect. Some homes in certain regions in Europe and North America, especially homes with cellars, have shown excessive levels.

 

The risk of developing lung cancer at home depends on many factors: the time someone spends at home, the concentration level, the amount of radiation received (dose), age, health status, etc. After all the tests and studies that have been conducted so far, one risk factor is number one - tobacco smoke. Scientists believe that combining smoking with radon exposure increases the risk by ten to twenty times when compared to non-smokers. Inconclusive evidence also points to children as being a risk group.

Radon is an international problem. With few exceptions, most countries have regions where homes have elevated levels of radon gas in indoor air. International and national cancer research agencies, radiological protection agencies, scientific committees, and the World Health Organization, of course, combine their effort to develop international standards and monitoring programmes. It is vital that you and I know of the potential risks and that we are given the appropriate advice on what we can do about it. In the next few paragraphs I will show you what health authorities and the scientists presently know about the radon problem.

Radon Gas